MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF TRIDEX PROCUMBENS LINN

This study was aimed to develop of complete microscopy and macroscopy of Tridex procumbens in which the leaves, petioles, roots and stems were studied. Tridex procumbens Linn. Fam. Asteraceae commonly known as ‘Coat Buttons’ is an important plant used against various activities in indigenous system of medicine such as hepatoprotective, antihepatotoxic, antipyretics, anti-diabetic, blood coagulant, anti-diabetic and in wound healing activity. The transverse section of leaf shows epidermis single layered on both the surfaces and covered with thick cuticle. Trichomes were of covering type simple, multicelled and more in number on dorsal side. Leaves consist glandular and non glandular type of trichomes. The anomocytic types of stomata at present in both lower and upper surface of leaves. The quantitative microscopical studies of leaf were also carried out like palisade ratio, vein islet number, vein termination number, stomatal number (lower surface), stomatal index (upper surface), stomatal index (lower surface). The transverse section of Petiole shows Single layered epidermis covered with cuticle, multicellular trichomes, vascular bundles, xylem surrounded by the phloem. The transverse section of root shows cork, cortex, xylem, phloem, medullary rays and pith. The transverse section of stem shows cork, cortex xylem, phloem and pith.


MATERIAL AND METHOD 2.1
Authentication of the plant material: The plant material was collected then it will be identified and authenticated by Dr. Ziaul Hasan Asst. professor of department of botany, Safia College of science, Bhopal M.P and voucher specimen no. was assigned as 236/Bot/Safia/11.

2.2
Method: The fresh parts of plant were used for microscopic studies. The leaves were separated, dried, coarsely powdered and stored in a closed container for further studies Macroscopic and microscopical characters were studied as described in quality control method. Microtome section were taken, stained and mounted and sections were observed under binocular and projection microscope. Photograph at different magnification were taken by using Nikon digital camera 12 megapixel.

Macroscopical studies:
Macroscopic studies were carried out by using organoleptic evaluation method. The shape, size, colour, odour, taste, base, texture, margin and apex of leaves and various plant parts of Tridax procumbens Linn were observed. Results are shown in Table-1.

Microscopic studies
Microscopic studies were carried out by preparing thin section of leaf, stem, and petiole. The thin section were collected in watch glass and bleach with bleaching agent with little boiling, after that thin section were washed with water. Stained with safrannin and mounted in glycerin for observation. Results are shown in Table-

Leaf T.S.:
Transverse section (T. S.) of leaf showed dorsiventral, epidermis single layered on both the surfaces and covered with thick cuticle. T.S. passing through the mid rib region shows slight depression on ventral side and slightly protuberated on dorsal size. Trichomes were of covering type which are simple, multicelled (3-6 celled) and more in number on dorsal side. The basal cells of the trichomes are swollen and trichomes look like claw. Meristeel consists of single centrally located collateral vascular bundle surrounded by some parenchymatous cells filled with dark content. T. S. passing through the laminar region shows single layered palisade cells just below the epidermis followed by 5-7 celled mesophylls, parenchyma mostly devoid of inter cellular spaces. Shown in Table-2.

Trichomes
Trichomes are variable out growths of epidermal cells which are useful in the identification of the plant material. The trichomes may be differentiated into base embedded in the cell and a projecting body. 9 Tridex procumbens consist glandular and non glandular type of trichomes. Shown in Table-2. 3.2.6 Stomata: Stomata may occur in the epidermis particularly in leaves. Stoma consists of a pair of identical cells called guard cells and a center pore through which gaseous exchange takes place. Stomata are surrounded by epidermal cells. 9 The anomocytic type of stomata are present in both lower and upper surface of leaves. Shown in Table-2

. 3.3 Powder microscopy
The powder is dark green in colour, fine, odorless powder with slight bitter taste. The powder microscopy reveals the presence of different types of (Glandular and Non Glandular) trichomes, trichome base, fibres, stone cells, laticifers with adjacent parenchyma. Spiral thickenings vascular bundles are also present. Shown in Table-2

. 3.4 Quantitative microscopy
The quantitative microscopy of Tridax procumbens were performed in various parameters which are shown in Table-